THE HISTORY OF PAKISTAN

borders of Pakistan witnessed large

civilizations Wars development religions

and reforms in this video we will

advance rapidly through some important

events that existed here modern humans

are thought to have arrived on Pakistan

between seventy three thousand and fifty

five thousand years ago settled life

which farming in pastoral ISM started

around 7000 BC people worked in

agriculture and in domestication of

animals like goats sheep or cattle by

4500 BC settled life had become more

widespread and in time evolved into the

Indus Valley Civilisation one of the

earliest civilizations Indus Valley

Civilisation as well as ancient Egypt or

Mesopotamia was noted for developing new

techniques and handicraft metallurgy

development it's believed to be the

first civilization to use wheeled

transport in the form of Bullock carts

and also used boats the route which

traversed the Indus Valley linking the

Central Asia the Indian subcontinent and

the Orient have attracted people from

far places in the beginning of the

second millennium BC climate change with

persistent droughts led to the

abandonment of the urban centres of the

Indus Valley Civilisation its population

resettled in smaller villages and mixed

with indo-aryan tribes who moved into

other areas of Indian subcontinent in

several waves of migration also driven

by the effects of this climate change

the vedic period 1500 to 500 BC as

indo-aryans migrated and settled into

the Indus Valley along with them came

their distinctive religious traditions

and practices which fused with local

culture

the initial early vedic culture was a

tribal pastoral society centered in the

Indus Valley of what is today Pakistan

during this period the Vettes the oldest

scriptures of Hinduism were composed the

Vedic tribes remained in the Indus

Valley by six century BC these tribes

fought against one another and were

vulnerable against possible Outsiders or

invasions King Darius the first of the

Achaemenid Empire took advantage of the

opportunity and planned for an invasion

the Indus Valley was a major of

- for the Persian Empire and other

earlier incursions and campaigns existed

in the Indus River in 518 BC Darius led

his army through the Khyber Pass

eventually reaching the Arabian Sea

coasts in sinned by 516 BC under Persian

rule a system of centralized

administration with a bureaucratic

system was introduced into the Indus

Valley for the first time provinces or

satrapy were established with provincial

capitals also there is no archaeological

evidence of a K minute control over

these regions as not a single

archaeological site that can be

positively identified with the

Achaemenid Empire has been found

anywhere in Pakistan we know about the

easternmost satraps and the borderlands

of via commanded empire is set in daria

subscriptions and from greek sources in

328 BC Alexander the Great at that time

King of Macedonia king of Persia and

Pharaoh of Egypt had conquered much of

the former satraps in the Achaemenid

Empire up to Bactria when Alexander died

in 323 BCE he left behind an expansive

empire stretching from Greece to the

Indus River the Empire was put under the

authority of / takus and the territories

were divided among Alexander's generals

due to the internal conflicts of

Alexander's generals Chandragupta and

his Brahmin councilor Chanakya saw an

opportunity to expand the mauryan empire

from its Ganges plain Heartland in Bihar

towards the Indus Valley between 325 BCE

to 303 BCE Mauryan Empire incorporated

today's Pakistan and far beyond in

today's Afghanistan it collapsed around

180 BC and the shunga Empire started to

exist but not near the Indus Valley here

in Alexander's campaigns

many Greeks established in this part of

the Empire creating communities and

influencing the region with their

culture the indo-greek kingdom expanded

beyond the Hindu Kush their territories

covered paunchy Ranke pissah in modern

Afghanistan and extended to the Punjab

region with many tributaries to the

south and east the Greek and Indian

languages culture traditions mixed

creating a very interesting period for

this land

sokka's migrated from southern central

asia into pakistan from the middle of

the second century BC to the 1st century

BC they replaced the Indo Greeks Indo

Parthian and cushion empires ruled the

lands here in the 1st centuries ad by

the end of the 3rd century the sassanids

Shan cha Shakur the first had

incorporated the indo-iranian

Borderlands into the Sassanid realm the

Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian

Empire existing approximately from 320

to 600 and covered much of northern

South Asia including some parts of

modern Pakistan having its border with

the Sassanid Empire in the Indus Valley

across Indus River this period is very

important great accomplishments and

great cultural developments took place

during the reigns of important leaders

as an example we can give the literary

epics such as Mahabharata and Ramayana

this structure collapsed due to internal

and external factors like loss of

territories invasions and instability

the Indo heft the lights were a nomadic

Confederation in Central Asia during the

Late Antiquity period they were defeated

by an alliance of Indian rulers Brahmin

dynasty existed in the region of Sindh

between 632 and around 724 in this

territory here were many other small

states in the next centuries another

important period of this land is

expansion of the Arab caliphs it's a

large expansion happened in the 7th

century after conquering the Middle East

and the Sassanid Empire a Reb Forces had

reached the Indus Valley Muhammad bin

Qasim conquered most of the industry

j'en for the Umayyad empire during the

time of Arab caliphs it's a gradual

conversion to Islam happened as the new

religion spread more and more also

Arabic and Persian languages spread and

influenced the region ghaznavid empire

and then guren empire ruled for

centuries over the Indus Valley and

beyond

by doing so the new culture and religion

was embraced by more and more people

becoming dominant in time the Delhi

Empire was a Sultanate based in Delhi

that stretched over large parts of India

ruling over the largest rivers here and

also deep in India's territory this

Sultanate was ruled by Five Dynasties

men look call G tug loc Siyad and Lodi

during and in the Delhi Sultanate the

emergence of the Hindi Urdu language

started to happen there was a synthesis

of Indian civilization and that of

Islamic civilization and the further

integration of the Indian subcontinent

with the growing world system and wider

international networks spending large

parts of afro-eurasia which had a

significant impact on Indian culture and

society mongols attacked the region

between the 13th and 14th centuries

timur invaded the punjab region and

sacked cities at the end of the 14th

century the first battle of Panipat

was fought between the invading forces

of Babur and the Lodi kingdom it took

place in North India and marked the

beginning of the Mughal Empire in the

end of the Delhi Sultanate this was one

of the earliest battles involving

gunpowder firearms and field artillery

in the Indian subcontinent which were

induced by Mughals in this battle the

early modern period started with the

Mughal Empire Mughal rule was briefly

interrupted by the Sur Empire the

religion of Sikhism originated during

this era in the punjab province of

pakistan mughal rule was the time of

economic development prosperity and

peace for pakistan which remained nearly

two centuries and also the golden age of

the region there responsible for

spreading our dual and built many masjid

x' mausoleums madrasahs sand forts in

pakistan the period was marked by

economic activity excellence in painting

and magnificent architecture the mughal

dynasty greatly influenced the art

architecture culture of today's Pakistan

during the decline of Mughal in the late

18th and early 19th century the other

dynasties invaded and then controlled

the region

over these lands ruled the Durrani

Empire the Marathas and the Sikh Empire

most of the territory of modern Pakistan

was occupied by the East India Company

of the British Empire a series of

conflicts followed in the region in

which the British fought local rulers

six and Afghans Pakistan became part of

British rule later than other parts of

South Asia and it stayed this way until

the 14th of August 1947 when Pakistan

gained independence the two provinces of

British India Punjab and Bengal were

divided along religious lines violence

and conflicts existed between the Hindus

six and Muslims and millions migrated to

the new borders and some exchanges of

populations the dispute over Kashmir

escalated into the first war between

India and Pakistan Constitution in 1956

led to Pakistan declaring itself an

Islamic Republic with the adoption of a

parliamentary democratic system of

government another conflict with India

will happen that took place between

April 1965 and September 1965 economic

grievances and political

disenfranchisement in East Pakistan led

to violent political tensions escalating

into a civil war then another conflict

with India Pakistan was defeated in the

war and this led to the Bangladesh

independence between 1971 to 1977 Zulfiqar

Ali Bhutto creates an Islamic

socialist system in 1977 after a coup

 zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is executed the

Islamic law is imposed political crises

new elections and instabilities existed

until this day also an important fact of

the period of modern Pakistan is their

population boom if in this region lived

thirty five million when they achieved

independence by 1990 here lived around

100 million and today more than 200

million people